El populismo como un concepto complejo: un reto para las definiciones clásicas
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Corporación Universitaria Remington
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En este artículo se ofrece una respuesta a la pregunta por las causas de la dificultad para encontrar un consenso respecto de cuáles fenómenos son populistas y cuáles no. Se afirma que el populismo es un concepto esencialmente polémico (Gallie, 1998) al tiempo que agrupa fenómenos dispares desde una concepción específica de la soberanía popular dentro de la narrativa democrática, respecto de la cual existen disputas interminables. También se propone que para considerar el populismo reconociendo estos elementos se hace preciso vincular la naturaleza normativa del mismo, puesto que, las definiciones clásicas dadas al respecto son insuficientes en vista de que no consideran este componente, cuya aceptación excluye la posibilidad de solucionar definitivamente el problema de la categorización clásica de un fenómeno como populista o no populista. Se usa una metodología cualitativa de revisión conceptual, donde se revisa tanto el ejercicio propuesto por Gallie de los conceptos esencialmente polémicos como también algunas anotaciones de Connolly (1993) sobre la conceptualización de lo normativo en ciencias sociales.
An answer is proposed in this paper as to why it is hard to find consensus on which phenomena are considered as populist and which are not. It is argued that populism is an essentially contested concept (Gallie, 1998), which encompasses disparate phenomena from a particular notion of popular sovereignty within the democratic narrative, around which there are endless disputes. It is also proposed that in order to analyze populism taking into account these elements, it is necessary to acknowledge its normative nature, since classical definitions of populism fall short by not considering this component, the acknowledgement of which excludes the possibility of definitively solving the problem of the classic categorization of a phenomenon as populist or non-populist. A qualitative conceptual review methodology is used. Both the essentially contested concepts as proposed by Gallie and some insights on the conceptualization of the normative elements in social sciences by Connolly (1993) are addressed.
An answer is proposed in this paper as to why it is hard to find consensus on which phenomena are considered as populist and which are not. It is argued that populism is an essentially contested concept (Gallie, 1998), which encompasses disparate phenomena from a particular notion of popular sovereignty within the democratic narrative, around which there are endless disputes. It is also proposed that in order to analyze populism taking into account these elements, it is necessary to acknowledge its normative nature, since classical definitions of populism fall short by not considering this component, the acknowledgement of which excludes the possibility of definitively solving the problem of the classic categorization of a phenomenon as populist or non-populist. A qualitative conceptual review methodology is used. Both the essentially contested concepts as proposed by Gallie and some insights on the conceptualization of the normative elements in social sciences by Connolly (1993) are addressed.
Keywords
Political communication, democracy, value judgment, conceptualization, essentially contested concept, categorization, discourse, politics, comunicación política, democracia, juicio de valor, conceptualización, concepto esencialmente polémico, categorización, discurso, política